海南省生物多样性所面临的威胁

1．生物多样性整体认知水平低，保护措施缺乏针对性。其次，认知程度仍处于表面，缺乏对部分珍稀濒危物种活动范围、栖息环境以及种群发育等资料，保护区实际管控能力不足，保护区建设后未能有效发挥保护功能。目前，海南生物多样性保护措施主要为建立保护区，迁地保护及保护性开发等，保护措施依然较少。 

2．自然保护区体系尚未完善，保护成效不高。海南已建成自然保护区49个，但生物多样性保护成效总体不高。海南省现有的陆地自然保护区41个，平均面积仅为59 km2，陆地自然保护区面积占全省陆地总面积不足7%。且各保护区分布相对孤立，自然保护区之间相互隔离，保护区“孤岛”现象普遍。一些重要生态系统、典型生态系统和物种多样性丰富的地区没

有建立自然保护区，生物多样性保护体系尚待完善。

3．保护区外生物及种质资源保护不足，极小种群及本土资源丢失严重。海南保护区外珍稀动植物、重要遗传资源的极小种群保护严重不足。 

4．生物多样性保护意识不强。由于加强生物多样性保护的宣传力度，目前公众大多具有生物多样性保护的概念，但还远未达到社会公众树立正确生物多样性保护基本意识的要求。一是滥捕乱猎野生动物的现象仍时有发生，在利益面前，生物多样性保护可以放弃；二是“放生”的现象非常普遍，并被认为是“公益行动”而加以推崇，其结果增加了外来物种入侵风险。

5．外来物种入侵，威胁本土物种资源和生态系统。海南是中国外来入侵物种最严重的省份之一。我国发现的 400余种外来入侵生物中，海南省就有200多种，成为我国外来生物入侵与危害最为严重的地区之一。

参考—海南省生物多样性保护策略

6．全球气候变化，特有生态系统、物种资源退化。自然界的动植物、微生物，可能因无法适应全球变暖的速度而惨遭厄运。以珊瑚礁为例，在全球变化的背景下，海水温度升高，PH值降低，海平面上升，导致海南珊瑚礁生态系统健康状况呈退化趋势。

参考--《海南省生物多样性保护战略与行动计划》

 

Threats to biodiversity in Hainan Province            1. The overall awareness level of biodiversity is low, and the protection measures are lack of pertinence. Secondly, the cognitive level is still on the surface, lack of information on the activity range, habitat environment and population development of some rare and endangered species, the actual management and control ability of the reserve is insufficient, and the protection function can not be effectively played after the construction of the reserve. At present, Hainan biodiversity protection measures mainly include the establishment of protected areas, ex situ conservation and protective development, and so on.  2. The system of nature reserve is not perfect and the protection effect is not high. Hainan has built 49 nature reserves, but the overall effect of biodiversity protection is not high. There are 41 land nature reserves in Hainan Province, with an average area of 59 km2. The area of land nature reserves accounts for less than 7% of the total land area of Hainan Province. Moreover, the distribution of each reserve is relatively isolated, and the nature reserves are isolated from each other, and the phenomenon of "isolated island" is common. Some important ecosystems, typical ecosystems and areas with rich species diversity are not Nature reserves have been established, and the biodiversity protection system needs to be improved.  3. The protection of biological and germplasm resources outside the reserve is insufficient, and the loss of extremely small population and local resources is serious. There is a serious lack of protection for the extremely small population of rare animals, plants and important genetic resources outside Hainan nature reserve.  4.The consciousness of biodiversity protection is not strong. At present, most of the public have the concept of biodiversity protection, but it is far from meeting the requirements of the public to establish the correct awareness of biodiversity protection. Firstly, the phenomenon of indiscriminate hunting of wild animals still occurs from time to time. In the face of interests, biodiversity protection can be abandoned; secondly, the phenomenon of "releasing" is very common, which is regarded as a "public welfare action" and is highly praised. As a result, the risk of alien species invasion is increased.   5. Alien species invasion threatens native species resources and ecosystem. Hainan is one of the provinces with the most serious invasive species in China. Among the more than 400 species of alien invasive organisms discovered in China, there are more than 200 species in Hainan Province, which has become one of the most serious invasive and harmful areas in China. Reference - strategies for biodiversity conservation in Hainan Province. 6. Global climate change, degradation of endemic ecosystem and species resources. Animals, plants and microorganisms in nature may be doomed because they cannot adapt to the speed of global warming. Taking coral reefs as an example, under the background of global change, the sea-level rises, the sea-level rises, and the water temperature rises, which leads to the degradation of the health status of coral reef ecosystem in Hainan.