生物多样性（英文为Biodiversity）：指生物（动物，植物，微生物）及其生存环境形成的整合体（生态系统等）以及各种各样与此有关联的生态过程的综合。

                                   组成：

通常包括遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性三个组成部分。        

 

遗传多样性

遗传多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分。遗传多样性是指地球上生物所携带的各种遗传基因的总和。因此，遗传多样性也就是生物的遗传基因的多样性。任何一个物种或一个生物个体都保存着大量的遗传基因。一个物种所包含的基因越丰富，对环境的适应能力越强。基因的多样性是生命进化和物种分化的基础。遗传物质的改变（或突变）是产生遗传多样性的根本原因。

 

物种多样性

物种多样性是指动物、植物和微生物种类的丰富性，它们是人类生存和发展的基础，它是生物多样性的简单度量，只计算给定地区的不同物种数量。在生态学中，物种多样性是以一个群落中现存物种的数目及它们的相对多度（群落中某一物种的多度占所有物种的多度之和的百分比。）为衡量的指标。

 

生态系统多样性

生态系统多样性指的是一个地区的生态多样化程度。生态系统多样性涵盖的是在生物圈之内现存的各种生态系统（如森林生态系统，草原生态系统）也就是在不同背景中发生的各种不同的生物生态进程。生态系统多样性可指一个地区的生态系统层次上的多样性，或一个生物圈中的各种生态系统。

来源-百度百科

https://baike.baidu.com/item/生物多样性/195265?fr=aladdin

English vision

Biodiversity: refers to the integration of organisms (animals, plants, microorganisms) and their living environment (ecosystem, etc.) and the integration of various ecological processes associated with it.            form:            It usually includes genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.            Genetic diversity            Genetic diversity is an important part of biodiversity. Genetic diversity refers to the sum of all kinds of genetic genes carried by organisms on earth. Therefore, genetic diversity is the genetic diversity of organisms. A large number of genetic genes are preserved in any species or individual organism. The more genes a species contains, the stronger its adaptability to the environment. Gene diversity is the basis of life evolution and species differentiation. The change (or mutation) of genetic material is the root cause of genetic diversity.            Species diversity            Species diversity refers to the richness of species of animals, plants and microorganisms, which are the basis of human survival and development. It is a simple measure of biodiversity, which only calculates the number of different species in a given area. In ecology, species diversity is defined as the number of extant species in a community and their relative abundance (the percentage of the abundance of a species in a community to the sum of the abundance of all species) For the measurement of indicators.            Ecosystem diversity            Ecosystem diversity refers to the degree of ecological diversity of an area. Ecosystem diversity covers all kinds of existing ecosystems (such as forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem) in the biosphere, that is, various biological ecological processes in different backgrounds. Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity at the ecosystem level of an area or various ecosystems in a biosphere.